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two-step substitution

См. также в других словарях:

  • Substitution reaction — In a substitution reaction, a functional group in a particular chemical compound is replaced by another group.[1][2] In organic chemistry, the electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions are of prime importance. Organic substitution… …   Wikipedia

  • Substitution cipher — In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encryption by which units of plaintext are replaced with ciphertext according to a regular system; the units may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters,… …   Wikipedia

  • Substitution tiling — A tile substitution is a useful method for constructing highly ordered tilings. Most importantly, some tile substitutions generate aperiodic tilings, which are tilings whose prototiles do not admit any tiling with translational symmetry. The most …   Wikipedia

  • Substitution box — In cryptography, a substitution box (or S box) is a basic component of symmetric key algorithms. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the plaintext and the ciphertext mdash; Shannon s property of confusion …   Wikipedia

  • Nucleophilic acyl substitution — describes the substitution reaction involving nucleophiles and acyl compounds. Acyl compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives including esters, amides and acid halides. Nucleophiles include anionic reagents such as alkoxide compounds and enolates …   Wikipedia

  • Nucleophilic substitution — In organic and inorganic chemistry, nucleophilic substitution is a fundamental class of reactions in which an electron nucleophile selectively bonds with or attacks the positive or partially positive charge of an atom or a group of atoms called… …   Wikipedia

  • Sensory substitution — means to transform the characteristics of one sensory modality into stimuli of another sensory modality. It is hoped that sensory substitution systems can help handicapped people by restoring their ability to perceive a certain defective sensory… …   Wikipedia

  • Radical substitution — In organic chemistry, a radical substitution reaction is a substitution reaction involving free radicals as a reactive intermediate. The reaction always involves at least two steps, and possibly a third. In the first step called initiation a free …   Wikipedia

  • Electrophilic aromatic substitution — or EAS is an organic reaction in which an atom, usually hydrogen, appended to an aromatic system is replaced by an electrophile. The most important reactions of this type that take place are aromatic nitration, aromatic halogenation, aromatic… …   Wikipedia

  • Integration by substitution — Topics in Calculus Fundamental theorem Limits of functions Continuity Mean value theorem Differential calculus  Derivative Change of variables Implicit differentiation Taylor s theorem Related rates …   Wikipedia

  • organohalogen compound — Introduction  any of a class of organic compounds (organic compound) that contain at least one halogen (halogen element) ( fluorine [F], chlorine [Cl], bromine [Br], or iodine [I]) bonded to carbon. They are subdivided into alkyl, vinylic, aryl,… …   Universalium

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